Desenvolvimento de um modelo de gestão em tempo real para empresas virtuais

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gestão IndustrialHoje em dia tem-se a perceção do crescimento das empresas como um fator importante no desenvolvimento da economia. Como tal, Associações e Projetos têm vindo a desenvolver projetos traçados para o que as empresas necessitam, apontando para a crescente aposta em sistemas de gestão em tempo real. Nesse sentido nesta dissertação é proposta a investigação sobre o desenvolvimento de um modelo de gestão em tempo real para empresas virtuais (empresas em rede), com vista a redução do tempo de resposta ao mercado. Além deste modelo, e devido à importância do tempo de reconfiguração na crescente necessidade de alinhamento de negócio das empresas, desenvolveu-se uma estrutura para o tempo de reconfiguração e integração, onde se melhorou o modelo de estrutura do tempo de integração, introduzindo o tempo de transporte entre recursos. Com a construção e a validação do modelo de gestão em tempo real verificou-se a necessidade das empresas conseguirem mudar de recursos quase em tempo real, a cada momento de reconfiguração. No contexto de rede de empresas, estas devem ser essencialmente pequenas empresas devido aos seus baixos custos fixos. A dissertação apresenta contribuição original para a literatura através (1) do desenvolvimento de um modelo de gestão em tempo real onde o processo de gestão em tempo real é realizado através de um modelo teórico, e (2) do desenvolvimento de uma estrutura para o tempo de integração através da construção e preenchimento de novas visões sobre as arquiteturas de integração. Desta dissertação surge ainda a necessidade de trabalho futuro em campo empresarial que certamente irá trazer uma mais-valia para as empresas em rede, com o objetivo de as tornar mais cooperantes entre si, de modo a satisfazer objetivamente os seus clientes e reduzir o consumo de energia, como por exemplo, nos serviços de transporte.The growth of enterprises is seen as a relevant economic development factor in nowadays. Aligning with the contemporary and emergent enterprises needs, the main company‘s investments and projects focus goes towards the real time management systems. Considering this and in order to make more agile and to minimize the time-to-market reaction, the development of a new model of real time management on virtual enterprises is proposed in the adjacent work of this thesis. The emergent need to be quickly aligned with the continuous changes on global business paradigms and overcome the competition brought by the multiple potential stakeholders, the time to reconfigure and to face with the new requirements is critical. Since a new structure for reconfiguration and integration times that considers the transport time between resources was developed and a better integration time structured was archived. After the proposed real time management model validation, the enterprises needs for real time resources change in their reconfiguration process, became evident. Furthermore, in a networked enterprises context these companies need to be essentially small enterprises due to their lower fixed costs. This thesis presents an innovative scientific contribution to real time systems since it follows a theoretical model. It develops an integration time structure through the construction and fulfilment of new visions about integration architectures, as well. From this thesis appears the need of future work in the industry that will bring an added value to the networked enterprise, in order to make them more co-operative to achieve the client‘s needs and reduce energy consumption

Analysis of a collaborative scheduling model applied in a job shop manufacturing environment

Collaborative Manufacturing Scheduling (CMS) is not yet a properly explored decision making practice, although its potential for being currently explored, in the digital era, by combining efforts among a set of entities, either persons or machines, to jointly cooperate for solving some more or less complex scheduling problem, namely occurring in job shop manufacturing environments. In this paper, an interoperable scheduling system integrating a proposed scheduling model, along with varying kinds of solving algorithms, are put forward and analyzed through an industrial case study. The case study was decomposed in three application scenarios, for enabling the evaluation of the proposed scheduling model when envisioning the prioritization of internal–makespan-or external–number of tardy jobs-performance measures, along with a third scenario assigning a same importance or weight to both kinds of performance measures. The results obtained enabled us to realize that the weighted application scenario permitted reaching more balanced, thus a potentially more attractive global solution for the scheduling problem considered through the combination of different kinds of scheduling algorithms for the resolution of each underlying sub problem according to the proposed scheduling model. Besides, the decomposition of a global more complex scheduling problem into simpler sub-problems turns them easier to be solved through the different solving algorithms available, while further enabling to obtain a wider range of alternative schedules to be explored and evaluated. Thus, contributing to enriching the scheduling problem-solving process. A future exploration of the application in other types of manufacturing environments, namely occurring in the context of extended, networked, distributed or virtual production systems, integrating an increased and variable set of collaborating entities or factories, is also suggested.The project is funded by the FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia through the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020, and EXPL/EME-SIS/1224/2021

Modelação e avaliação dos paradigmas de “Fixed Horizon”, “Rolling Horizon” e “Real Time Management” do escalonamento da produção em redes de produção ubíquas nas condições de ambientes dinâmicos para a sustentabilidade económica e ambiental

Doctoral Degree in Industrial and Systems EngineeringThe real time management paradigm implies real-time decision making and enable dynamic reconfiguration of enterprises. In some areas it is possible to find a number of real time management applications, while in manufacturing systems the real time management is still in initial research state. Also, there is a lack of research of scheduling problems considering larger size manufacturing systems. This project aims to validate the following hypotheses: (1) real time management paradigm is more suitable for production scheduling in ubiquitous production networks under conditions of dynamic environments than the fixed horizon and rolling horizon paradigms, and (2) Real time management paradigm contributes to economic and environmental sustainability. The validation was based on simulation, through secondary data collection, which was the base for conduction of all simulations for the validation process. It were investigated four scenarios for validation. The first case represented the case with secondary data (from literature), considering 8 jobs and 8 machines. The second case represented the case with data secondary data with variations, considering 150 jobs and 8 machines. The third case represented the case with data secondary data with variations, considering 180 jobs and 64 machines. The forth case represented the hybrid case of 8 jobs and 64 machines and 8 jobs and 200 machines. A kind of greedy algorithm was considered for the resources (machines) selection, i.e. for each resource selection the choice of the best resource is made at that time, not looking for forward solutions. The validation was carried out by two instruments for hypotheses validation, the original environment model and the original simulator developed. The results obtained for the described scenarios validates the hypotheses that the real time management scheduling paradigm is more suitable when compared with other production scheduling paradigms, and that the real time management contributes to the economic and environmental sustainability. This research contributed to the phenomenology of real time management in ubiquitous and cloud manufacturing systems under conditions of dynamic environments. Further, future work is considered to create new research projects under this topic.O paradigma de gestão em tempo real implica a tomada de decisão em tempo real e permite a reconfiguração dinâmica das empresas. Em algumas áreas é possível encontrar um número de aplicações da gestão em tempo real, enquanto nos sistemas de produção a gestão em tempo real ainda se encontra numa fase inicial de investigação. Existe ainda um falta de investigação nos problemas de escalonamento considerando sistemas de produção de tamanhos grandes. Este projeto tem como objetivo a validação das seguintes hipóteses: (1) o paradigma de gestão em tempo real é mais adequado para sistemas de produção em redes de produção ubíquas em condições de ambientes dinâmicos do que os paradigmas de horizonte fixo e horizonte rolante, e (2) o paradigma de gestão em tempo real contribui para a sustentabilidade económica e ambiental. A validação foi baseada em simulação, através da recolha de dados secundários, que serviram de base para condução de todas as simulações para o processo de validação. Para a validação foram investigados quatro senários: o caso com dados secundários (da literatura), considerando 8 jobs e 8 máquinas, o caso com dados secundários com variações, considerando 150 jobs e 64 máquinas, o caso com dados secundários com variações, considerando 180 jobs e 64 máquinas, e um caso hibrido considerando 8 jobs e 64 máquinas e 8 jobs e 200 máquinas. Um tipo de algoritmo guloso foi considerado para a seleção de recursos (máquinas), isto é, para cada seleção de recursos, a escola do melhor recurso é feita nesse momento, não olhando para soluções futuras. A validação foi realizada através de dois instrumentos para a validação de hipóteses, um modelo de ambiente original e um simulador original desenvolvido. Os resultados obtidos para os senários descritos validam as hipóteses de que o paradigma de gestão em tempo real é mais adequado quando comparado com outros paradigmas de escalonamento de produção, e que a gestão em tempo real contribui para a sustentabilidade económica e ambiental. Esta investigação contribuiu para a fenomenologia da gestão em tempo real em sistemas de produção ubíquos e cloud em condições de ambientes dinâmicos. Além disso, foi considerado trabalhos futuros para a criação de novos projetos de investigação sobre este tema.The PhD project had financial support from the FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia – under the Doctoral grant number SFRH/BD/85672/2012

Social network-based education and learning factory as emergent forms of education and training: an application for quality management

In this paper, we present Social Network-based Education (SNE) and Learning Factory (LF) as emergent forms of education and training, including their application for the field of Quality Management. This novel learning method has some features of education 3.0 paradigm since participants have freedom to choose what, how and when to learn, as well with whom they coloborate. The actors, students and teachers, form a network, in which the network structure, communication, learning process and behavior exibit features of a social network. The training program content consists of a set of assignments (tasks) that are launched and realized in a crowdsourcing manner. The SNE and LF methodology was applied at the University of Minho in the Integrated Master on Industrial Engineering and Management course for different curricular units, including Quality Management. Within the concepts refered above, the set of assignments implemented for education and training for the field of Quality Management is also presented.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, through the grants “Projeto Estratégico – UI 252 – 2011–2012” reference PEst-OE/EME/UI0252/2011, “Ph.D. Scholarship Grant” reference SFRH/BD/85672/2012, and TEMPUS JP reference 543662-2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ICARUS pedagogical methodologies framework, or reference model

The paper presents the ICARUS Pedagogical Framework, or Reference model to address development of innovative pedagogical approaches to overcome the actual effectiveness problems in development, acquisition and application of the required knowledge and skills for the concepts related to Industry 4.0. The aim of the Pedagogical Framework is minimum twofold: 1) to define and guide and applications of innovative pedagogical methods to explore and address the needs of HEI educators and learners, and 2) to provide a model of the pedagogical methodology design space for future development and adaptations. In the send part of the paper a contribution to the formalization of the model using set theory approach is presented as well.The authors would like to thank the EUPAMalta for funding of ICARUS An Innovative Higher Education Institution Training Toolbox to EffeCtively AddRess the EUropean InduStry 4.0 Skills Gap and Mismatches, via Erasmus+ Project No. 2019-1-MT01-KA203051265 (icarusproject.edu.mt). This work has been also supported as well by FCT -Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved